Tag: undue hardship

Bankruptcy Law

What Debts Are Not Discharged in Bankruptcy?

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Bankruptcy offers people who are overwhelmed by debt an opportunity for a financial fresh start, either through liquidation (Chapter 7 bankruptcy) or reorganization (Chapter 13 bankruptcy). However, not all debts are eligible for a bankruptcy discharge. In our latest blog, we delve into what kind of debts are not alleviated when you file for bankruptcy, and what kind of debts can be more difficult to discharge.

Child Support and Alimony

Child support and alimony are debts that will stay with the filer even after a bankruptcy discharge is issued.  The reason for this classification as nondischargeable debts has to do with public policy. These debts involve obligations to support dependents, and the court views these as important, which is why they must be fulfilled to provide for the well-being of the filer’s dependents.

student loan debt, Student Loans

Biden Administration to Make Process Easier to Have Debt Discharged in Bankruptcy

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The road to having student loans forgiven in a bankruptcy case is certainly not an easy one, which is why so many borrowers forgo pursuing bankruptcy for fear that they will never be able to receive relief from their largest source of stress: their student loan debt. However, all of this could change very soon due to new guidelines issued by the Biden Administration.

In January 2023, the Justice Department updated the required attestation form that borrowers pursuing bankruptcy must complete before being able to seek a bankruptcy discharge of their federal student loan debt. The changes to the form include several modifications, including small changes as to how monthly household income is reported, instructions clarifying when a borrower needs to provide the court with additional information, and new questions looking for information on whether a school closure impacted the borrower’s ability to pay his or her student loans. The changes to guidelines also include more detailed information regarding the borrower’s student loan repayment history, including any consolidations made, deferments, or forbearances.

student loan debt, Student Loans

Dispelling Myths about Private Student Loans and Bankruptcy

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Federal student loans often are not enough to cover the costs of attending a university. Many times, student borrowers need to seek additional sources of funding, including private student loans, to pay for the costs not covered by their federal student loans. Borrowers often operate under the misconception that, like federal student loans, these private loans are also not dischargeable in bankruptcy. In fact, many misconceptions exist surrounding private student loans and how they are handled in a consumer bankruptcy case.

One of the biggest of these misconceptions is that private student loans can be discharged in a bankruptcy case. While student loans are harder to discharge in bankruptcy, it is not impossible. With federal student loans, the bankruptcy filer must start a separate adversary proceeding where he or she needs to prove that paying these debts would present an undue hardship. However, private student loans are not always subject to this extra step in a bankruptcy case.

Bankruptcy Law, student loan debt, Student Loans

Democrat Lawmakers Push for Student Loan Debt Bankruptcy Reform

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Discharging student loan debt through a consumer bankruptcy case has been next to impossible for borrowers facing a financial crisis. Bankruptcy reform advocates have been calling upon lawmakers to make this process easier for student loan borrowers with no success. Recently, several prominent Democrat lawmakers have called upon the president to help make these reforms through executive action. In addition, they have also sent separate requests to two federal agencies to do the same.

In order to receive a discharge for their federal student loan debt, borrowers facing a bankruptcy proceeding have been required to file a separate legal action within their already open bankruptcy case and to prove that they would suffer an “undue hardship” if forced to continue paying on their student loan debt.

student loan debt, Student Loans

Will Discharging Student Loan Debt Become Easier?

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Student loan debt has traditionally been extremely difficult to discharge in bankruptcy. For years, student loan borrowers and advocates have been pushing for legislation to make this process easier. The Biden administration has made statements indicating they will make this process easier in the future, although it is unclear when or if this will ever happen.

It is not impossible to discharge student loan debt in bankruptcy. The bankruptcy code does allow for it, but the test to demonstrate the need for discharging student loan debt has been difficult for borrowers to prove. Unlike other consumer debts, to receive a discharge from their student loan debt, the borrower must prove that repaying these loans would put an undue hardship on them. Unfortunately, the definition of what qualifies as an “undue hardship” is found within the U.S. bankruptcy code, which means defining this standard has been left to individual courts. Certain jurisdictions have made the standard next to impossible to meet, while others have been somewhat more lenient. Regardless, no consistent standard has been set.

student loan debt, Student Loans

Facing a Broken Student Loan System Borrowers Set Hopes on New Reform Bill

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The student loan system has been considered broken for quite some time, and while many reform efforts have been made to help improve the process, nothing has been successful thus far. However, a new student loan reform bill could signal meaningful change is on the way.

This reform bill focuses on how student loan debt is handled in bankruptcy. Traditionally, student loans are non-dischargeable in a personal bankruptcy case, unless a specific set of criteria are met. The “Consumer Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2020,” proposed by House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerry Nadler (D-NY) and Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) proposes a way to make this process easier, allowing more student loans to be discharged through personal bankruptcy. The bill addresses both Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy cases and proposes changing the current systems under each chapter by one system, entitled Chapter 10.  

student loan debt, Student Loans

Bankruptcy Court Discharges $200,000 in Private Student Loan Debt for Colorado Couple

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A major victory was scored for student loan borrowers after a U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit issued a ruling stating that a Colorado couple’s private student loan debt could be discharged in their personal bankruptcy case. The ruling allowed $200,000 of private student loan debt to be wiped out, breaking the long-standing stigma that student loan debt, particularly private student loan debt, is near impossible to discharge in a bankruptcy case.

The Colorado couple had taken out $200,000 in private student loans from Navient, one of the nation’s largest student loan issuers. The ruling comes after a similar bankruptcy case, where the borrower also had their student loan debt discharged. In that case, the loan servicer appealed the ruling.

student loan debt

The Student Borrower’s Bankruptcy Relief Act Would Make It Easier to Wipe Out Student Loan Debt in Bankruptcy

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Discharging student loan debt in a bankruptcy case has been an almost impossible feat for most filers. That is, unless they are able to meet the undue hardship requirements.  However, a new bill named the Student Borrower’s Relief Act of 2019 could potentially remove those roadblocks that have prevented borrowers from receiving relief in the past.

Bankruptcy offers the filer a fresh start where the individual can rid himself or herself of financial burdens that have been weighing him or her down for years. These debts normally include unsecured debt, including credit cards, personal loans or medical bills. However, if the bulk of the person’s debt is student loans, the filer would normally end up in the same situation even after the bankruptcy was over. While medical debt and credit card debt may have been discharged, the borrower would end up still carrying a large amount of debt. It is for this reason that many borrowers might avoid bankruptcy, seeing it as a no-win situation.

student loan debt, Student Loans

The Presidential Candidates Campaign Proposals for Student Loan Debt

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One of the major issues at the center of the 2020 Presidential Election is student loan debt, an issue that affects 44 million American borrowers. Each of the Democratic presidential candidates have his or her own proposal on how to handle this massive issue that seems to be growing every year. Some of these plans would reduce the outstanding balances borrowers hold while others call for a complete elimination of the debt.

It is said that student loan balances have surpassed credit card debt and auto debt. The average undergraduate college graduate leaves school with at least $30,000 in student loan debt, which is triple what graduates had in the 1990s. Every day, 3,000 borrowers go into default on their student loans, which is why all the candidates are calling for some level of reform.

Bankruptcy Law, Debt Relief, student loan debt, Student Loans

How to Discharge Student Loan Debt in Bankruptcy

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When it comes to discharging debts in a bankruptcy case, student loan debt has traditionally been one of the most difficult debts to discharge. The fact that this debt can be so difficult to get rid of in a bankruptcy case has kept some consumers from filing for bankruptcy. The problem is it can be very difficult for a person who is in a financially tight situation to keep paying on this debt outside of bankruptcy.  Student loan debt is oftentimes the largest debt a consumer carries, outside of their mortgage.  If someone goes through bankruptcy only to continue being stuck with his or her student loan debt, that person may end up in the same financial situation, again.

Here is how to  discharge student loan debt in bankruptcy.

Undue Hardship

Student loan debt can be discharged if the borrower can demonstrate that he or she would suffer an undue hardship if forced to pay back his or her student loans. However, bankruptcy courts do not have one set standard to guide them in determining what exactly qualifies as an undue hardship. The U.S. Bankruptcy Code does not give a clear definition for what undue hardship is, which could be why so many inconsistencies exist among bankruptcy courts. Some courts will only use the undue hardship test to grant full discharge of the loans while others will allow for partial discharge. Others view the test as an extremely difficult standard to meet while others may be more lenient. At the end of the day, if the borrower has a very low income or took the student loan out to attend a for-profit trade school, he or she may have a better chance to get the obligation discharged, although other factors will be considered, as well.