Car Repossession, Florida Bankruptcy Exemptions

Do I Have to Surrender My Car in Bankruptcy?

Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy can clear most unsecured debts, but it may also require selling or giving up some assets to pay debts. A fair question and one many people have is: “Will I be able to keep my vehicle if I file for bankruptcy?”

The answer is yes. Most filers will be able to keep their vehicle after filing for bankruptcy. Florida bankruptcy laws offer generous exemptions which allow individuals to keep various types of property, including their vehicle.  Vehicles are often exempt if they are necessary for you to maintain a job and household.

In a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, if your car is financed, you can surrender it by returning it to the lender. With that, the loan will be discharged in bankruptcy but will leave you without a car.

If you file Chapter 7 bankruptcy and are current on payments, you can keep the car if your equity is protected under state law. Under the Florida Motor Vehicle Exemption, bankruptcy filers can exempt up to $1,000 in motor vehicle equity. This amount can be even more if a married couple is filing for bankruptcy jointly. In cases where you are keeping a car with a loan on it, make sure you continue to stay current on your payments. The lender can still assert its lien rights if you get behind on payments and you could lose your car.

Secured Loans

It helps to understand the nature of a car loan as compared to other debt in a bankruptcy case. Since a car loan is attached to an asset, this debt is labeled as a secured debt, which means the asset can be used to pay off the amount owed if the consumer cannot continue paying. This debt is not liquidated in a Chapter 7 case if the consumer wishes to keep the car after everything is over. Therefore, the filer must file Form 108 at the start of the case, which is known as a statement of intention. This form tells the court whether the consumer wishes to reaffirm the car loan, redeem the car, or surrender it. This statement of intention must be filed within 30 days of the bankruptcy case being filed, or the car loan is not considered part of the bankruptcy proceeding.

Status of Vehicle

Determining the status of the filer’s vehicle is important before determining if he or she can keep the car. The status can be either the person owns it free and clear, he or she is leasing the car, or the person is still paying a loan on the car. If the filer is still making monthly payments on a loan, the lender holds the title to the car as collateral. Once the car loan is paid in full, the title then shifts to the vehicle owner. If, during the loan payments, the filer cannot keep up with payments, the lender will then take the car back, which is also known as repossession.

Being current on the car loan’s payments is key in both Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 in terms of the ability to keep the filer’s car. It makes it more likely that the filer will be able to continue paying on the car even after the bankruptcy case is over.

Value of the Car

The value of the vehicle is also important in how it is treated in bankruptcy. In a bankruptcy case, the value of the car is determined by the actual cash value of the vehicle. This value is usually the retail replacement value of the car. The car’s make and model, mileage, and condition determine the actual cash value of the car. Equity is important, as well, which is determined by subtracting what the filer owes on the car from its current value.

Bankruptcy Exemptions

Equity is key when it comes to determining the exemption that allows the filer to keep the car. Florida has one of the most generous bankruptcy exemptions in the country. To use Florida’s exemptions, the filer must have resided in Florida for at least 730 days before filing his or her bankruptcy petition. To claim the full value of the homestead exemption in Florida, the filer must have owned the property for at least 1,215 days before the bankruptcy filing. Under Florida bankruptcy exemptions, the filer can exempt up to $1,000 in motor vehicle equity or more if the person is married and filing for bankruptcy jointly.

Redeeming the Car

In a Chapter 7 case, the filer may be able to keep the car by redeeming its current replacement value. To do this, the filer pays to the lender what is owed on the car, minus the car’s current replacement value to own the car outright. Unfortunately, not many filers are able to do this since most do not have this kind of money available, which is why fewer than two percent (2%) of all filers redeem their car.

Reaffirmation Agreement

The filer can also keep the car by reaffirming the debt. This means he or she will agree to a new payment plan with the lender. To reaffirm the debt, the filer must submit Form 108, which is a statement of intent. Approximately two-thirds of all filers take this route.

Surrendering the Vehicle

If the filer cannot pay the debt in full or is not able to feasibly reaffirm the debt, he or she may surrender the car. Filers normally surrender their vehicles when they are significantly behind on payments. When a surrender happens, the lender gets the car back and the debt owed on it is forgiven. Unlike a repossession, the consumer is no longer liable for the deficiency balance owed on the car, which is what occurs in a repossession when the lender resells the car for less than what is still owed on it.

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

The above options are normally the choices available to consumers in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy case. However, if the consumer wishes to keep his or her car, Chapter 13 bankruptcy is usually the best route for him or her. In a Chapter 13 case, the consumer works with the bankruptcy trustee to create a repayment plan that takes three to five years to complete where he or she pays down debts over the course of the case, liquidating whatever is left at the end of this period.

If the consumer has a lot of equity in the vehicle and if he or she can pay past due payments while remaining current on all other payments, it is likely he or she will be able to keep the car in a Chapter 13 case.

Many times, the bankruptcy court can also get the lender to reduce the interest rate on a vehicle loan under Chapter 13. This reduction will lower the person’s monthly payments and will make it easier for him or her to make payments.

Additionally, in a Chapter 13 case, if the consumer has owned the car for more than 910 days, which is roughly about two and a half years, the bankruptcy court can rule that the loan balance owed will be based on what the car is worth now as opposed to what the balance of the original loan is.

If you have questions on this topic or are in financial crisis and considering filing for bankruptcy, contact an experienced Miami bankruptcy attorney who can advise you of all of your options. As an experienced CPA as well as a proven bankruptcy lawyer, Timothy Kingcade knows how to help clients take full advantage of the bankruptcy laws to protect their assets and get successful results. Since 1996 Kingcade Garcia McMaken has been helping people from all walks of life build a better tomorrow. Our attorneys help thousands of people every year take advantage of their rights under bankruptcy protection to restart, rebuild and recover. The day you hire our firm, we will contact your creditors to stop the harassment. You can also find useful consumer information on the Kingcade Garcia McMaken website at www.miamibankruptcy.com.

Sources:

If I File Bankruptcy, Can I Keep My Car? (debt.org)

What Happens to My Car During Bankruptcy? – Experian

student loan debt, Student Loans

Judge Blocks Biden’s New Student Loan Forgiveness Plan

U.S. District Judge Randal Hall in Augusta, Georgia, has issued a temporary restraining order against President Joe Biden’s second effort to cancel student loan debt for millions of Americans. Earlier this summer, millions of federal student loan borrowers received an email from the Biden administration informing them that debt forgiveness was on the way, and they may be eligible.

Judge Hall, responded to a lawsuit against the relief package brought by seven Republican-led states. The states — Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Missouri, North Dakota, and Ohio — said the U.S. Department of Education’s new debt cancellation effort, like its previous attempts, ‘is illegal.’

Hall said the states had made a convincing case that the department was overstepping its authority and blocked the Biden administration from moving forward with its attempt to cancel federal student loan debt.

In June of 2023, the Supreme Court ruled Biden’s first attempt to cancel around $400 billion in federal student loan debt unconstitutional.

Biden’s first attempt to forgive student loan debt was through an executive action. This latest time, his administration has pursued the regulatory process, a lengthier route that it hoped would make its relief package more immune to legal challenges.

Click here to read more.

For borrowers who are struggling with student loan debt, relief options are available. Many student loan borrowers are unaware that they have rights and repayment options available to them, such as postponement of loan payments, reduction of payments or even a complete discharge of the debt. There are ways to file for bankruptcy with student loan debt.  It is important you contact an experienced Miami bankruptcy attorney who can advise you of all your options. As an experienced CPA as well as a proven bankruptcy lawyer, Timothy Kingcade knows how to help clients take full advantage of the bankruptcy laws to protect their assets and get successful results. Since 1996 Kingcade Garcia McMaken has been helping people from all walks of life build a better tomorrow. Our attorneys help thousands of people every year take advantage of their rights under bankruptcy protection to restart, rebuild and recover. The day you hire our firm, we will contact your creditors to stop the harassment. You can also find useful consumer information on the Kingcade Garcia McMaken website at www.miamibankruptcy.com.

Bankruptcy Filings, Bankruptcy Trends

Bankruptcy Filings Increase by 16 Percent

Bankruptcy filings rose 16 percent during the 12-month period ending March 31, 2024.

Factors contributing to the increase include higher interest rates, a reduction in consumer discretionary spending, higher housing costs, and a continued drawdown of excess savings.  The trend is expected to continue through 2024.

According to statistics released by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, total filings rose to 467,774 new cases, compared with 403,273 cases reported during the year ending March 31, 2023.

Business filings increased 40.4 percent, from 14,467 in March 2023 to 20,316 in the newest report. Non-business filings rose 15.1 percent, from 388,806 in March 2023 to 447,458 in March 2024.

This year’s 12-month filing total for the quarter ending March 31 is nearly three-fifths of the total reported in March 2020, when the pandemic disrupted the U.S. economy. That year’s 12-month total was 764,282.

If you have questions on this topic or are in financial crisis and considering filing for bankruptcy, contact an experienced Miami bankruptcy attorney who can advise you of all of your options. As an experienced CPA as well as a proven bankruptcy lawyer, Timothy Kingcade knows how to help clients take full advantage of the bankruptcy laws to protect their assets and get successful results. Since 1996 Kingcade Garcia McMaken has been helping people from all walks of life build a better tomorrow. Our attorneys help thousands of people every year take advantage of their rights under bankruptcy protection to restart, rebuild and recover. The day you hire our firm, we will contact your creditors to stop the harassment. You can also find useful consumer information on the Kingcade Garcia McMaken website at www.miamibankruptcy.com.

SOURCE:

Bankruptcies Rise 16 Percent Over Previous Year | United States Courts (uscourts.gov)

Consumer Bankruptcy

How to Get a Home Loan After Bankruptcy

Filing for bankruptcy is not an easy decision. But while filing for bankruptcy can be emotionally challenging, it is a relatively common option to choose. Annual bankruptcy filings totaled 452,990 in 2023, according to a report from the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts — an increase of nearly 17% compared to 2022, when 387,721 bankruptcy cases were filed.

Oftentimes, it is easier to reestablish credit after filing bankruptcy, because you are essentially given a “clean slate.”

Here are 5 Tips for Getting a Home Equity Loan After Bankruptcy.

  • Timing is everything. Depending on the type of bankruptcy filed, it is crucial to recognize that lenders typically become more willing to work with you as time passes. Be proactive about increasing your credit score after bankruptcy and lenders will view your financial situation more favorably.
  • Rebuild your credit. After filing for bankruptcy, obtain a copy of your credit report to confirm that everything is accurate. Rebuilding your credit should be a top priority. That means paying your bills on time, reducing outstanding debts and using a secured credit card.
  • Shop around. Home equity lenders have different requirements when it comes to lending ‘post-bankruptcy.’ It is in your best interest to take the time to research those lenders who offer terms that are most favorable to you. Compare interest rates, fees, terms and conditions of the loans.
  • Consider a co-signer. A co-signer with a strong credit history can significantly increase your chances of being approved for a home equity loan following bankruptcy. When you add a co-signer to the loan you are essentially vouching that they will repay the loan if you are unable. However, it is important to recognize that co-signers are equally responsible for the loan, and any default can negatively impact that person’s credit.
  • Highlight positive financial changes. When applying for a home loan after bankruptcy, it can be helpful to provide the lender with evidence of positive financial changes you have made since filing.

If you have questions on this topic or are in financial crisis and considering filing for bankruptcy, contact an experienced Miami bankruptcy attorney who can advise you of all of your options. As an experienced CPA as well as a proven bankruptcy lawyer, Timothy Kingcade knows how to help clients take full advantage of the bankruptcy laws to protect their assets and get successful results. Since 1996 Kingcade Garcia McMaken has been helping people from all walks of life build a better tomorrow. Our attorneys’ help thousands of people every year take advantage of their rights under bankruptcy protection to restart, rebuild and recover. The day you hire our firm, we will contact your creditors to stop the harassment. You can also find useful consumer information on the Kingcade Garcia McMaken website at www.miamibankruptcy.com.

SOURCE:

6 tips for getting a home equity loan after bankruptcy – CBS News

Consumer Bankruptcy

What to Expect Before, During and After Filing for Bankruptcy

The process of filing for bankruptcy can seem daunting. The uncertainty behind the process often drives the fear of the unknown, which keeps many people from taking the steps needed to file bankruptcy. Pulling back the curtain and knowing what to expect when filing for bankruptcy can help clear up any myths or misconceptions surrounding bankruptcy.

It can be difficult for someone to admit that they need financial help. Many see filing bankruptcy as admitting failure or hitting financial rock bottom, when in fact it’s a chance to start again, fresh.

If you have decided filing for bankruptcy is right for you, the first step is whether to hire a lawyer to help you through the process. It is possible to file a bankruptcy case and go through the process without the assistance of an attorney but paying a legal professional to handle the paperwork and necessary steps will ensure that the case moves along smoothly. Bankruptcy law is complex and making a simple mistake on one or more of the forms submitted can result in the case being dismissed or rejected from the start.

The initial process of filing for bankruptcy involves a series of steps that must be followed. What these steps entail depends on the type of bankruptcy case being filed.

To qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the filer must pass the means test. Through this test, the filer must show that his or her income is less than the median income for the State of Florida. A Chapter 7 bankruptcy case discharges most of the filer’s personal debts, with the exception of a handful of others, such as tax debts, spousal support, and student loan debt. The bankruptcy trustee will take the assets not covered by exemptions and will sell these assets, using the proceeds from them to pay off qualifying debts. If the individual does not qualify under the means test, he or she can pursue a Chapter 13 case.

To file for bankruptcy, the consumer must first gather all necessary documents he or she needs, including paychecks, bank statements, retirement account statements, tax returns, appraisals for real estate, vehicle registrations, and any other documents he or she has relating to debts owed or assets owned. The filer must also complete a credit counseling course before and after filing. The fee to take these courses is normally $50.

Additionally, the filer will need to fill out all bankruptcy forms, including the petition to file in bankruptcy court. Filing fees accompany these forms, and the fees and all documents will be filed with the court and forwarded to the bankruptcy trustee.

After the case is initiated, the filer will need to attend a meeting with his or her creditors, along with the bankruptcy trustee. This normally is a month or so after the case is filed.

Certain mistakes during the initial process can lead to the court dismissing the petition. One of the biggest of these mistakes is to be dishonest or misleading in the disclosure of assets and debts the filer has. Not only will failing to disclose assets result in the person’s case being dismissed, but this lapse in honesty can result in the filer facing criminal charges.

The court will also scrutinize any debts the filer incurred just before filing. Maxing out credit cards prior to filing with the intention that these debts will be discharged will not be looked upon favorably by the bankruptcy court either.

After receiving a bankruptcy discharge, the filer should take steps to ensure that they do not end up in the same situation in just a few years. Some helpful steps include the following:

  1. Creating a realistic budget and following it as closely as possible.
  2. Establish emergency savings. A good rule of thumb is to make sure a savings account has at least one month’s worth of income to cover expenses in the event of the unthinkable.
  3. Open a secured credit card account, using it to pay for expenses that can be paid in full every month. Over time, this account will help establish a positive credit history.
  4. Continue to pay all bills on time.
  5. Get a credit report regularly to ensure that any debts that were discharged in bankruptcy are no longer on the consumer’s profile.

These steps allow the consumer to create a pattern of paying all bills on time, which, over the course of time, will reflect positively on the person’s credit report. While a bankruptcy case does put a dent in an individual’s credit score, eventually this positive pattern will allow the consumer’s score to rebound to a respectable figure.

If you have questions on this topic or are in financial crisis and considering filing for bankruptcy, contact an experienced Miami bankruptcy attorney who can advise you of all of your options. As an experienced CPA as well as a proven bankruptcy lawyer, Timothy Kingcade knows how to help clients take full advantage of the bankruptcy laws to protect their assets and get successful results. Since 1996 Kingcade Garcia McMaken has been helping people from all walks of life build a better tomorrow. Our attorneys’ help thousands of people every year take advantage of their rights under bankruptcy protection to restart, rebuild and recover. The day you hire our firm, we will contact your creditors to stop the harassment. You can also find useful consumer information on the Kingcade Garcia McMaken website at www.miamibankruptcy.com.

SOURCE:

What experts say to do before, during and after filing for bankruptcy (cnbc.com)

Credit Card Debt

Credit Card Delinquencies Exceed Pre-Pandemic Levels

Americans owe a whopping $1.13 trillion on their credit cards. The total increased by 4.6% in the third quarter of 2023.  When it comes to credit card debt, consumers are maxed out.

All stages of credit card delinquency (30, 60 and 90 days past due) jumped during the third quarter of last year, surpassing pre-pandemic levels for the first time, according to a recent report by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

This means a number of consumers are revolving all or part of their credit card balance every month. As of the third quarter, 33.18% of accounts paid off their balance in full. That’s the lowest share since the fourth quarter of 2020, Philadelphia Fed data show.

A nearly three-year stretch of high inflation has sent consumer debt into overdrive. Towards the end of last year, outstanding credit card balances surpassed the $5 trillion mark for the first time, according to Federal data.  These rising delinquencies are becoming painfully expensive for many consumers. Interest rates are the highest they have been in two decades.

As bankruptcy attorneys, we see credit card debt as one of the most common problems facing those with serious financial challenges.  It is not surprising with the high interest rates, unreasonable fees, harassing debt collection calls, penalties and never-ending minimum payments that do not even make a dent in your actual debt.

Filing for bankruptcy is a viable option for those struggling with insurmountable credit card debt. Chapter 7 is the fastest form of consumer bankruptcy and forgives most unsecured debts like credit card debt, medical bills, and personal loans.  There are certain qualifications a consumer must meet in regard to income, assets, and expenses to file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, which is determined by the bankruptcy means test.

SOURCE: Credit Card Delinquencies Surpass Pre-Pandemic Levels – CNN (January 11, 2024)

Bankruptcy Filings, Bankruptcy Trends

U.S. Corporate Bankruptcy Filings Hit 13-Year Peak

Total bankruptcy filings rose 13 percent, and business bankruptcies rose nearly 30 percent, in the twelve-month period ending Sept. 30, 2023, according to the U.S. Courts. This continues a moderate rebound after more than a decade of sharp decline. Corporate bankruptcy filings in the U.S. rose again in December 2023, ending the year with the most filings since 2010.

S&P Global Market Intelligence recorded 50 bankruptcy filings in the month. The total was an increase from the 33 recorded in November.

There were 642 total filings in 2023, significantly above the previous two years and marginally more than in 2020, which saw an influx of Covid-19 related filings.

Seven industrial companies and seven consumer discretionary companies filed for bankruptcy over the month, followed by six filings among information technology companies and six from the healthcare sector.

Consumer discretionary companies recorded the most bankruptcies in 2023 with 82 filings. Many of the companies attributed their filings to rising interest rates and inflation, which impacted their post-pandemic operations.

There were bankruptcy filings in 19 states and the District of Columbia in December, with the greatest number originating from California, Texas, and Florida.

During the year, 95 California companies sought bankruptcy protection, followed by 75 from Texas and 68 from Florida. New York added 58 filings in 2023, while New Jersey registered 31.

Additional states with 15 or more filings in 2023 included Massachusetts, Georgia, Nevada, Illinois, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania.

Source: U.S. Bankruptcies hit 13-year peak in 2023; 50 new filings in December. (January 9, 2024)

student loan debt

Biden’s New Plan for Student Loan Forgiveness

President Biden has a ‘Plan B’ lined up for student loan forgiveness, which looks significantly different from the first plan.

His original plan, which was recently blocked by the U.S. Supreme Court, would have cancelled up to $20,000 in student loan debt for tens of millions of borrowers. Following the ruling, the President created a Student Loan Debt Relief Committee to create an alternate plan.

The President’s original plan impacted nearly 40 million American borrowers, but the new plan will be narrower in reach. The original, which covered more than 90 percent of federal student borrowers, will now cover just 10 percent.

Credit Card Debt

Can Credit Card Debt Be Written Off?

According to the U.S. Government Accountability Office, the amount of credit card debt consumers face has reached a record high with consumers owing more than $1 trillion to credit card companies. It comes as no surprise that many people are looking for ways to escape their debt, if at all possible, which leads one to the question: is it possible to get credit card debt written off?

The answer is yes, but it is not a simple yes. The process can involve negotiations with credit card companies or debt collection agencies or even legal proceedings.

Credit Card Debt

Ways to Avoid Christmas Credit Card Debt

It can be easy to fall deeper into debt during the holiday season. Those celebrating the holidays are four times more likely to expect to spend the most money on gifts for family and friends (80%) compared to dining out (21%), social events (20%), travel (17%) and holiday decorations (16%) this year.

According to a survey by investment bank D.A. Davidson, 40 percent of American consumers are starting the holiday season with more credit card debt than they did a year ago, and 48 percent of them will end the holiday with even more debt. The fact that average credit card interest rates are at an all-time high doesn’t help.